作者：張樹志

過去完成時的基本用法與現(xiàn)在完成時相似，所不同的是：現(xiàn)在完成時的動作須以現(xiàn)在為基準的以前，而過去完成時的動作須在過去某一時間以前完成，也就是說發(fā)生在"過去的過去"。

構成 助動詞had＋動詞的過去分詞。had沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,疑問句是把had提到句首，否定句是在had 后加not, had not可縮寫為hadn't。

用法 （1）表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，并產(chǎn)生了某種影響或結果。句中常見的時間狀語有兩種：

The rain had stopped and the air was clean. 雨停了，空氣清新。

How many English words had you learnt by the end of last month? 到上月末，你已經(jīng)學了多少英語單詞？

We had reached the top of the mountain before midnight. 在半夜之前我們已經(jīng)登上了山頂。

The roads were full of people. We hadn't foreseen that. 路上都是人。這是我們事先未料到的。

The film had already been on for half an hour when we got to the cinema. 當我們到達電影院時，電影已開演半小時了。

Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home. 在我回到家之前，媽媽已經(jīng)做好飯了。

注意：如果時間狀語從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時。如：

After I had finished reading the novel, I went to sleep. 在我讀完了這部小說之后，我才上床睡覺。

（2） 過去完成時還可以表示從過去某一時間開始，持續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。往往與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。如：

Mr Wang had taught in our school for six years before I came here. 在我來到這兒以前，王老師已經(jīng)在我們學校任教6年了。

We had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours. 這時我們已有２４小時沒有合眼了。

She had nursed her father in that room since she came back. 自從她回來就在那個房間里照顧她的父親了。